It's not
often that the White House holds a news conference late on a Sunday night.
Especially an unscheduled one.
So when it
was announced, around 9:45 p.m. ET on May 1, that President Obama would be
addressing the nation within the hour, you knew it had to be important.
Had there
been a major development in Libya? Things had been heating up since NATO
started intervening against Moammar Gadhafi's forces.
Were U.S.
troops going into another part of the Arab world?
Had there
been another terrorist attack?
Or was it the
news that many Americans had been waiting on for nearly a decade: that Osama
bin Laden, leader of al Qaeda, had finally been brought to justice for the
tragic events of September 11?
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The White
House announcement provided no details, so it was up to everyone else to fill
in the blank. Speculation was rampant, especially online and on social media.
What was so important that it couldn't wait until morning?
By the time
Obama finally spoke at 11:30 p.m., the world already knew the news: "The
United States has conducted an operation that killed Osama bin Laden, the
leader of al Qaeda and a terrorist who's responsible for the murder of
thousands of innocent men, women and children."
The president
never had a chance to avoid the mother of all spoilers -- not with how fast
news travels today. An hour before his speech, the cat was out of the bag,
thanks to Keith Urbahn, chief of staff for former Defense Secretary Donald
Rumsfeld.
"So I'm
told by a reputable person they have killed Osama Bin Laden. Hot damn,"
Urbahn tweeted.
It didn't
take long after that for major news organizations to confirm that the news was
indeed true: the most-wanted terrorist in the world was dead, eight years to
the day after President Bush delivered his "Mission Accomplished"
speech.
"It was
an incredibly symbolic event," said William Keylor, a professor of history
and international relations at Boston University. "It was closure to 9/11.
... Al Qaeda had been pretty much degraded, but (bin Laden) was still on the
run."
As
confirmation quickly spread of bin Laden's death, emotional celebrations began
taking place across the country. Many were caught on camera.
People in the
nation's capital flocked to the White House, carrying American flags, singing
the national anthem and cheering the news in front of television cameras. At a
baseball game in Philadelphia, fans of both teams stopped to chant "U-S-A,
U-S-A!"
Celebrations
also were held at New York's ground zero, the site of the former World Trade
Center.
"I never
thought this night would come, where we would actually capture or kill bin
Laden. And, thank the Lord, he's been eliminated, to put it politely,"
said Bob Gibson, a retired New York City police officer. "A lot of us ...
gave up. But it did come, and a lot of us are overjoyed that it happened."
'The most
intense 38 minutes of my life'
By the next
morning, the national conversation had started to change. The emotional impact
of the announcement was subsiding, and the public wanted more detail, more
explanation.
How did the
United States find bin Laden? Why was he killed and not captured? Who exactly
killed him?
It was soon
learned that an elite team of Navy SEALs had flown two helicopters into
Abbottabad, Pakistan, where bin Laden was living in a three-story compound with
approximately two dozen people, including his relatives and one of his most
trusted couriers. The United States had been tracking the courier for years,
and the CIA informed the president in September 2010 that bin Laden might be
living at the compound, a $1 million home surrounded by large privacy walls
topped with barbed wire.
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On April 29,
2011, after several meetings with his National Security Council, Obama
authorized an attack on the compound.
In an
operation that lasted nearly 40 minutes, the SEALs breached the compound's
walls and methodically went through the house, floor by floor. Bin Laden and
his wife were found on the third floor, White House spokesman Jay Carney said
in a news conference. Carney said a SEAL fatally shot bin Laden when bin Laden
made a threatening move.
An iconic
photo, released by the White House, shows Obama, Vice President Joe Biden,
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates and other
officials in the White House Situation Room, following developments as the raid
went down. Clinton later called it "the most intense 38 minutes of my
life."
Today, there
have already been several books written about the raid, and a movie is said to
be in the works.
"I think
the fact that it was such a tremendous success was the reason that the
administration decided to publicize it: 'We're going to put out all the facts
and let the chips fall where they may,' " Keylor said. "And, of
course, the downside of that was that it really antagonized the
Pakistanis."
The United
States and Pakistan had been working together for years trying to track down
bin Laden and fight extremists near the Afghanistan border. But the United
States, fearing that a leak could jeopardize its mission and tip off bin Laden,
kept its raid a complete secret from Pakistan.
The
Pakistanis were outraged and humiliated by the blatant violation of their
national sovereignty. U.S. officials questioned their ally's motivations, as
bin Laden was "hiding in plain sight."
The CIA
director at the time, Leon Panetta, told U.S. lawmakers in a closed-door
session that Pakistani officials were either "involved or
incompetent," adding that "neither is a good place to be."
From the
raid, U.S. forces retrieved 10 hard drives, five computers and more than 100
storage devices containing intelligence from bin Laden's compound, according to
a senior U.S. official.
They also
found some homemade videos, including one that shows a graying bin Laden,
wrapped in a blanket, watching himself on a small television.
"The
fact that they killed (bin Laden) was significant, but they also demythologized
him," said Thomas Mockaitis, author of "Osama bin Laden: A
Biography." "They revealed him to be a megalomaniac, in many ways
kind of a petty individual. Instead of this kind of great, powerful figure ...
he looks like a bit of a narcissist. I think that, in some ways, was as
important as actually killing him. It brought him down quite a bit it terms of
his stature."
But perhaps
the most talked about pieces of evidence from last year's raid have yet to see
the light of day: photos of a dead bin Laden.
The
administration decided to keep the photos classified, saying the graphic nature
of the images would only incite further violence or be used for propaganda
purposes. "We don't trot this stuff out as trophies," Obama told CBS
News. "We don't need to spike the football."
However, many
Americans, including prominent lawmakers, believe they have a right to see the
images. And some people have another concern: How do they know bin Laden is
dead if they can't see proof?
That isn't a
concern of Sen. John McCain, one of several U.S. Congress members allowed to
view the photos. The Arizona Republican, Obama's opponent in the 2008
presidential election, said there was no doubt that bin Laden is dead.
But the
debate over the photos continues one year later. On Friday, a federal judge
turned down a request for release of the photos, saying there were legitimate national
security interests to deny disclosure.
The war on
terror also continues. Bin Laden's death might have underlined the weakened
state of al Qaeda, but affiliate groups, including the Taliban, al-Shabaab and
al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, "remain committed to the group's
ideology," said a U.S. intelligence report released in January. "Lone
wolf" terrorists are a threat as well, as we've seen recently in Norway
and France.
The threats,
however, should be no surprise to Obama, who warned that there was still work
to be done when he announced bin Laden's death a year ago.
Bin Laden's
death "does not mark the end of our effort," he said in his speech.
"There's no doubt that al Qaeda will continue to pursue attacks against
us.
"We must
-- and we will -- remain vigilant at home and abroad."